《法证审计法》及监管附件

Valve Steam 生态系统中的系统化第三方 API 资源配置、自动化绕过架构及合同条款不强制执行

签发域 phishdestroy.io

目标平台 Valve Steam / Steamworks简体中文（大陆）

主要授权向量 Steam OpenID 2.0 / 网站 API

法律声明 《人类的一切权利》（CC0）

第一部分：行政备忘录与事实认定参考编号：MEMO-SUMMARY-01

本文件是一份正式的法证审计报告，旨在审查Valve公司公布的商业条款、其技术认证端点以及观察到的第三方商业平台之间的运营关联。本次审计通过被动、未经身份验证的网络观察、RDAP注册验证以及公开的Link Filter遥测数据进行。

事实核心： 实证观察表明，Valve 的公开合同声明与其生产基础设施之间存在系统性偏差。尽管《Steam订阅协议》（SSA）严格禁止未经授权的商业利用（§ 2.G）、自动化机器人/脚本交互（§ 4.C）以及账户转让（§ 1.C），但Valve公司仍持续为至少175家商业实体提供实时、程序化的OpenID身份验证和库存查询基础设施，这些实体产生的二级市场交易量高达数十亿美元。

175

经审计的商业运营商

独立域认证主机

过滤器-拆分代理对

100%

未实施的《社会保障法》第2.G条/第4.C条

强制撤销授权

适用的合同与法律框架

《社会保障法》第2.G条

禁止商业用途： 严禁未经Valve公司事先书面授权，将内容和服务用于商业目的。

《社会保障法》第4.C条

自动化限制： 严禁任何脚本、交易机器人、宏或非人工控制的系统与Steam的服务和交易市场进行交互。

《社会保障法》第1.C条

个人使用规定： 账户仅限个人使用；明令禁止出售、出租、转让或交易 Steam 用户账户。

欧盟《数字服务法》（2022/2065）

系统性风险评估（第34/35条）： 超大型在线平台（VLOPs）必须积极发现、评估并缓解因自动化滥用和未经授权的商业利用而产生的系统性风险。

第二节：附件账簿 A — 已记录的链接过滤器拆分对（26 路由）参考编号：EX-SPLIT-LEDGER

对分域规避机制的法医分析： 在Valve的Steam链接过滤系统下（steamcommunity.com/linkfilter/?url=...)，当最终用户点击一个指向被标记的赌博或黑市平台的链接时，Valve 会显示一条醒目的警告（“链接已被屏蔽！……被标记为可能具有恶意”)。然而，取证路由追踪显示，26 商业平台运行在 分域架构：虽然主要商业域名在“链接过滤器”中被标记为“被封锁”，但托管 Valve 的 OpenID 响应端点的次要域名却被标记为“安全”。Valve 的 OpenID 服务器会不间断地接受来自这些代理主机的身份验证请求，从而消除用户安全警告，同时继续处理登录操作。

#	主要商业域名	主过滤器	OpenID 身份验证代理域名	身份验证过滤器	RDAP 已注册	捕获依据
01	rollbit.com	BLOCKED	rbsnin.com	CLEAN	2026-09-18	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
02	skin.club	BLOCKED	sc-auth.net	CLEAN	2019-04-02	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
03	howl.gg	BLOCKED	howl.uno	CLEAN	2026-08-11	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
04	duelbits.com	BLOCKED	switchflips.com	CLEAN	2020-04-21	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
05	csgofast.com	BLOCKED	steam-login.authtofast.com	CLEAN	2026-06-30	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
06	farmskins.com	BLOCKED	steam.kobal.cc	CLEAN	2017-01-07	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
07	cobaltlab.tech	BLOCKED	cobaltauth.com	CLEAN	2025-01-07	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
08	csgo.net	BLOCKED	cn2.easylot.net	CLEAN	2016-09-03	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
09	ggdrop.com	BLOCKED	ggauth.com	CLEAN	2023-05-03	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
10	rustchance.com	BLOCKED	hgfuihd.com	CLEAN	2019-01-27	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
11	skin.fans	BLOCKED	auth.skinfans.com	CLEAN	2018-07-16	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
12	skinport.com	BLOCKED	skinport.app	CLEAN	2020-06-20	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
13	skins.cash	BLOCKED	skinscash.live	CLEAN	2019-12-05	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
14	tf2hunt.com	BLOCKED	rstspcl.com	CLEAN	2020-08-08	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
15	daddyskins.com	BLOCKED	go-go-daddy.com	CLEAN	2019-01-26	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
16	key-drop.com	BLOCKED	kdauth.com	CLEAN	2026-05-13	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
17	clash.gg	BLOCKED	clggauth.com	CLEAN	2024-09-16	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
18	c5game.com	BLOCKED	www.imbastar.com	CLEAN	2016-02-27	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
19	swap.gg	BLOCKED	swapauth.com	CLEAN	2018-10-06	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
20	shadowpay.com	BLOCKED	thelogins.com	CLEAN	2018-01-22	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
21	csgocases.com	BLOCKED	log-1n.com	CLEAN	2017-11-27	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
22	csgogem.com	BLOCKED	api.csgem.com	CLEAN	2014-03-08	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
23	gamdom.com	BLOCKED	login.gambldom.com	CLEAN	2017-09-24	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
24	12cs.fail	BLOCKED	fail.games	CLEAN	2021-08-24	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
25	skinsnipe.com	BLOCKED	pricing.tradeupspy.com	CLEAN	2020-03-11	PASSIVE_CAPTURE
26	csgobig.com	BLOCKED	letmeinbig.com	CLEAN	2023-01-20	PASSIVE_CAPTURE

* 注：针对 2026-09-19 和 2026-09-21. 上未经验证的 Steam Link Filter 端点执行的被动检查，其原始 HTTP 响应正文和 SHA-256 摘要已保存在存储库数据集（steam_tos_assets/linkfilter-2026-09-22.json）中。

第三部分：B类展品登记簿——175经审计商业实体的全面普查参考编号：EX-175-MASTER-CENSUS

以下登记册详细列出了审计数据库中所有已通过积极验证的175第三方商业平台。每条记录包含实体名称、主要商业域名、观察到的Steam OpenID认证路径、活动分类、合同违约映射（SSA § 2.G、SSA § 4.C、SSA § 1.C）以及源数据集中记录的“行动”字段。标签“参见带日期的证据”旨在引导读者查阅支持性记录；它并不意味着Valve未采取任何行动。若“行动”字段缺失，则报告为“未确定”。

展品	实体名称与主域名	已观察到的身份验证路由/代理	分类	违约	Valve 动作
EX-001	CSGORoll csgoroll.com	www.csgoroll.com DIRECT	Skin Gambling	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-002	CSGOEmpire csgoempire.com	csgoempirelogin4.com SPLIT PROXY	Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-003	Rollbit rollbit.com	rbsnin.com SPLIT PROXY	Crypto Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-004	500 Casino 500.casino	fivezerozero.co SPLIT PROXY	Licenced Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-005	CSGOBig csgobig.com	csgobig.com DIRECT	Roulette/Slots	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-006	CaseDrop casedrop.com	casedrop.com DIRECT	Case Opening	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-007	RustReaper rustreaper.com	rustreaper.com DIRECT	Rust Roulette	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-008	BanditCamp banditcamp.com	banditcamp.com DIRECT	Rust Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-009	SkinBox skinbox.com	skinbox.com DIRECT	Case Opening	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-010	TastyDrop tastydrop.com	tastydrop.com DIRECT	Case Opening	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-011	CSGOPolygon csgopolygon.gg	csgopolygon.gg DIRECT	Roulette Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-012	MagicDrop magicdrop.ru	magicdrop.ru DIRECT	Case Opening	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-013	CSDice csdice.com	csdice.com DIRECT	Dice Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-014	Rustly rustly.com	rustly.com DIRECT	Rust Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-015	SkinOdds skinodds.com	skinodds.com DIRECT	Upgrader Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-016	CSGOWin csgowin.com	csgowin.com DIRECT	Skin Roulette	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-017	CSGORun csgorun.net	csgorun.net DIRECT	Crash Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-018	OpenSkins openskins.com	openskins.com DIRECT	Case Opening	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-019	RustBet rustbet.com	rustbet.com DIRECT	Rust Gambling	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-020	CSGOMagic csgomagic.com	csgomagic.com DIRECT	Skin Roulette	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-021	CSGOBounty csgobounty.com	csgobounty.com DIRECT	Upgrader/Contract	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-022	EZSkins ezskins.com	ezskins.com DIRECT	Skin Roulette	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-023	RustCases rustcases.com	rustcases.com DIRECT	Case Opening	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-024	CSGOReaper csgoreaper.com	csgoreaper.com DIRECT	Skin Roulette	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-025	CSGOCases csgocases.com	csgocases.com DIRECT	Skin Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-026	CSGO-Skins csgo-skins.com	csgo-skins.com DIRECT	Case Upgrader	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-027	CSGONet csgonet.com	csgonet.com DIRECT	Case Opening	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-028	WTFSkins wtfskins.com	wtfskins.com DIRECT	Skin Roulette	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-029	CSGOFast csgofast.com	steam-login.authtofast.com SPLIT PROXY	Roulette Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-030	Duelbits duelbits.com	switchflips.com SPLIT PROXY	Crypto Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-031	FlameCases flamecases.com	flamecases.com DIRECT	Case Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-032	Farmskins farmskins.com	steam.kobal.cc SPLIT PROXY	Case Opener	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-033	CSGOLuck csgoluck.com	csgoluck.com DIRECT	Skin Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-034	Gamedom gamedom.com	gamedom.com DIRECT	Crypto Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-035	Skin.Club skin.club	sc-auth.net SPLIT PROXY	Case Battles	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-036	DaddySkins daddyskins.com	daddyskins.com DIRECT	Case Opening	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-037	Insane.gg insane.gg	api.insane.gg DIRECT	Skin Roulette	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-038	Rustix rustix.gg	rustix.gg DIRECT	Rust Gambling	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-039	Skins.Club skins.club	skins.club DIRECT	Skin Upgrade	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-040	CSGOHouse csgohouse.org	csgohouse.org DIRECT	Skin Roulette	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-041	SkinRave skinrave.net	skinrave.net DIRECT	Skin Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-042	BloodyCase_GG bloodycase.gg	bloodycase.gg DIRECT	Case Opening	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-043	CSGOClicker csgoclicker.com	csgoclicker.com DIRECT	Clicker/Upgrade	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-044	RustBet_GG rustbet.gg	rustbet.gg DIRECT	Rust Roulette	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-045	CS_Drop cs-drop.com	cs-drop.com DIRECT	Case Opening	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-046	HellStore hellstore.net	hellstore.net DIRECT	Skin Roulette	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-047	RustLoot rustloot.com	rustloot.com DIRECT	Rust Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-048	CSGO_Case csgo-case.com	csgo-case.com DIRECT	Case Opening	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-049	CS2Skin cs2skin.com	cs2skin.com DIRECT	Skin Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-050	Juice_GG juice.gg	letmeinjuice.com SPLIT PROXY	Skin Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-051	GGDrop ggdrop.com	ggauth.com SPLIT PROXY	Case Opening	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-052	CSGOGem csgogem.com	csgogem.com DIRECT	Skin Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-053	Rainbet rainbet.com	services.rainbet.com DIRECT	Crypto Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-054	Howl_GG howl.gg	howl.uno SPLIT PROXY	Skins Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-055	Chicken_GG chicken.gg	chicken.gg DIRECT	Skin Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-056	CSGOCasino_GG csgocasino.gg	api.csgocasino.gg DIRECT	Skin Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-057	Hunt_GG hunt.gg	api.hunt.gg DIRECT	Skins Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-058	CSBattle csbattle.com	csbattle.com DIRECT	Case Battles	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-059	SkinRave_GG skinrave.gg	api.skinrave.gg DIRECT	Skin Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-060	CSDouble csdouble.gg	csdouble.gg DIRECT	Skin Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-061	RustChance rustchance.com	hgfuihd.com SPLIT PROXY	Rust Roulette	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-062	RustClash rustclash.com	rustclash.com DIRECT	Rust Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-063	CobaltLab cobaltlab.tech	cobaltauth.com SPLIT PROXY	Rust Automation	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-064	Raided_GG raided.gg	api.raided.gg DIRECT	Rust Roulette	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-065	RustNeo rustneo.gg	rustneo.gg DIRECT	Rust Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-066	Splits_GG splits.gg	splits.gg DIRECT	Skin Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-067	Upgrader_Pro upgrader.pro	upgauth.space SPLIT PROXY	Skin Upgrader	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-068	SkinFans skin.fans	auth.skinfans.com SPLIT PROXY	Skin Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-069	HotPizza hotpizza.one	hotpizza.one DIRECT	Case Opening	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-070	G4Skins g4skins.com	auth.g4s.to SPLIT PROXY	Case Opening	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-071	12CS_Fail 12cs.fail	12cs.fail DIRECT	Crash Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-072	TF2Royal tf2royal.com	tf2auth.com SPLIT PROXY	TF2 Gambling	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-073	TF2Easy www.tf2easy.com	www.tf2easy.com DIRECT	TF2 Gambling	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-074	TF2Hunt tf2hunt.com	rstspcl.com SPLIT PROXY	TF2 Gambling	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-075	TF2Bet tf2.bet/coinflip	tf2.bet DIRECT	TF2 Gambling	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-076	TF2Blaze tf2blaze.com	tf2blaze.com DIRECT	TF2 Gambling	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-077	OpenStars_GG openstars.gg	openstars.gg DIRECT	Skin Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-078	Shuffle_Com shuffle.com	shuffle.com DIRECT	Crypto Casino	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-079	Skins.com skins.com	api.skins.com DIRECT	CS2 Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-080	White.Market white.market	white.market DIRECT	P2P Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-081	Buff.Market buff.market	buff.market DIRECT	CS2 Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-082	Avan.Market avan.market	avan.market DIRECT	CS2 Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-083	CS.MONEY cs.money	auth.dota.trade SPLIT PROXY	Trading Engine	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-084	UUSkins uuskins.com	uuskins.com DIRECT	P2P Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-085	YouPin898 youpin898.com	youpin898.com DIRECT	Mass Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-086	Moon.Market moon.market	moon.market DIRECT	P2P Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-087	CSFloat csfloat.com	csgofloat.com SPLIT PROXY	P2P Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-088	Skin.Land skin.land	auth.skin.land DIRECT	Skins Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-089	C5Game c5game.com	c5game.com DIRECT	CS2 Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-090	HaloSkins haloskins.com	haloskins.com DIRECT	Skins Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-091	Buff.163 buff.163.com	buff.163.com DIRECT	Corporate Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-092	Waxpeer waxpeer.com	waxpeer.com DIRECT	P2P Marketplace	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-093	CS.MONEY Bot cs.money	auth.dota.trade SPLIT PROXY	Bot Trading	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-094	Market.CSGO market.csgo.com	dota2.net SPLIT PROXY	P2P Marketplace	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-095	Skinport skinport.com	skinport.app SPLIT PROXY	Regulated Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-096	SkinFlow skinflow.gg	api.skinflow.gg DIRECT	Marketplace/Swap	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-097	DMarket dmarket.com	dmarket.com DIRECT	US Marketplace	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-098	Skin.place skin.place	api.skin.place DIRECT	Skins Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-099	SkinsMonkey skinsmonkey.com	skinsmonkey.com DIRECT	Instant Swap	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-100	SkinBaron skinbaron.de	skinbaron.com SPLIT PROXY	Corporate Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-101	Steam steamcommunity.com/market	steamcommunity.com/market DIRECT	Official Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-102	RustTM rust.tm	dota2.net SPLIT PROXY	Rust Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-103	PirateSwap pirateswap.com	login.pirateswap.com DIRECT	Instant Swap	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-104	Mannco.Store mannco.store	mannco.store DIRECT	TF2 Marketplace	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-105	SkinSwap skinswap.com	api.skinswap.com DIRECT	Instant Swap	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-106	LootFarm lootfarm.com	lootfarm.com DIRECT	Trading Platform	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-107	Rustskins rustskins.com	rustskins.com DIRECT	Rust Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-108	ExeSkins exeskins.com	exeskins.com DIRECT	P2P Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-109	BalticSkins balticskins.com	balticskins.com DIRECT	Skins Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-110	CS.Trade cs.trade	cs.trade DIRECT	Instant Swap	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-111	RapidSkins rapidskins.com	api.rapidskins.com DIRECT	CS2 Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-112	TradeIt tradeit.gg	connect-tradeit.com SPLIT PROXY	CS2 Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-113	Krakatoa krakatoa.com	krakatoa.com DIRECT	CS2 Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-114	ShadowPay shadowpay.com	shadowpay.com DIRECT	P2P Marketplace	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-115	49skins 49skins.com	api.49skins.com DIRECT	CS2 Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-116	SkinVault skinvault.gg	api.skinvault.gg DIRECT	CS2 Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-117	Aim Market aim.market	aim.market DIRECT	Skins Trading	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-118	Skinout skinout.gg	auth.skinout.gg DIRECT	Instant Sell Portal	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-119	NTSkins ntskins.com	ntskins.com DIRECT	Skins Trading	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-120	IGXE igxe.cn	igxe.cn DIRECT	Chinese Powerhouse	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-121	Swap.gg swap.gg	swap.gg DIRECT	Automated Swap	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-122	Bitskins bitskins.com	bitskins.com DIRECT	Cash-out Portal	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-123	GamerPay gamerpay.gg	gamerpay.gg DIRECT	P2P Portal	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-124	TF2Mart tf2mart.com	tf2mart.com DIRECT	TF2 Automation	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-125	SkinBid skinbid.com	skinbid.com DIRECT	Skin Auctions	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-126	LootBear lootbear.com	lootbear.com DIRECT	Skin Rental	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-127	Backpack.tf backpack.tf	backpack.tf DIRECT	TF2 Valuation	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-128	Scrap.tf scrap.tf	scrap.tf DIRECT	TF2 Scrap Swap	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-129	Marketplace.tf marketplace.tf	marketplace.tf DIRECT	TF2 Cashout	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-130	STNTrading stntrading.eu	stntrading.eu DIRECT	TF2 Botnet	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-131	Skins.Cash skins.cash	skinscash.live SPLIT PROXY	Instant Cashout	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-132	SkinWallet skinwallet.com	skinwallet.com DIRECT	Instant Cashout	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-133	Dota2Market dota2market.com	dota2market.com DIRECT	Dota 2 Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-134	CSGO.NET csgo.net	cn2.easylot.net SPLIT PROXY	Case Opening	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-135	Cybershoke cybershoke.net	auth.cybershoke.net DIRECT	Community Hub	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-136	XPlay_GG xplay.gg	xplay.gg DIRECT	Server Network	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-137	FastCup fastcup.net	api.fastcup.net DIRECT	Matchmaker Hub	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-138	Esportal esportal.com	esportal.com DIRECT	Matchmaking Portal	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-139	GamersClub gamersclub.com.br	gamersclub.com.br DIRECT	LATAM Hub	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-140	Leetify leetify.com	leetify.com DIRECT	SaaS Analytics	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-141	Scope_GG scope.gg	scope.gg DIRECT	SaaS Analytics	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-142	TradeUpSpy tradeupspy.com	api.tradeupspy.com DIRECT	SaaS Tools	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-143	Epidemic_GG epidemic.gg	epidemic.gg DIRECT	SaaS Tools	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-144	CSDeals cs.deals	api.cs.deals DIRECT	Marketplace	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-145	Pricempire pricempire.com	pricempire.com DIRECT	SaaS Price DB	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-146	CS2Stash cs2stash.com	cs2stash.com DIRECT	SaaS Index	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-147	CSGOSkins csgoskins.gg	csgoskins.gg DIRECT	SaaS Index	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-148	SteamAnalyst steamanalyst.com	steamanalyst.com DIRECT	SaaS Index	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-149	SteamCardExchange steamcardexchange.net	steamcardexchange.net DIRECT	Trading Exchange	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-150	DotaBuff dotabuff.com	dotabuff.com DIRECT	SaaS Tracker	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-151	Tracker_GG tracker.gg	tracker.gg DIRECT	SaaS Tracker	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C	See dated evidence
EX-152	FSB Market (an anonymized label; the original name is withheld here) FSB Market	FSB Market DIRECT	Mass Blackmarket	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-153	FunPay funpay.com	funpay.com DIRECT	Account Exchange	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-154	PlayerAuctions playerauctions.com	playerauctions.com DIRECT	Grey Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-155	Eldorado.gg eldorado.gg	eldorado.gg DIRECT	Account Portal	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-156	G2A g2a.com	g2a.com DIRECT	Mass Key Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-157	Kinguin kinguin.net	kinguin.net DIRECT	Mass Key Market	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-158	G2G.com g2g.com	g2g.com DIRECT	Virtual Services	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-159	Playerup playerup.com	playerup.com DIRECT	Account Broker	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-160	Z2U.com z2u.com	www.z2u.com DIRECT	Ready-Account Hub	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-161	SmurfHub smurfhub.net	smurfhub.net DIRECT	Smurf Shop	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-162	SmurfAccounts smurfaccounts.com	smurfaccounts.com DIRECT	Smurf Shop	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-163	BuyCSGORank buycsgorank.com	buycsgorank.com DIRECT	Rank Shop	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-164	CSGOSmurfKings csgosmurfkings.com	csgosmurfkings.com DIRECT	Smurf Shop	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-165	SmurfStore_Co smurfstore.co	smurfstore.co DIRECT	Smurf Shop	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-166	SteamLvlUp steamlvlup.com	steamlvlup.com DIRECT	Card Leveling	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-167	SteamLevels steamlevels.com	steamlevels.com DIRECT	Card Leveling	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-168	LevelSteam levelsteam.com	levelsteam.com DIRECT	Card Leveling	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-169	SteamLevelU steamlevelu.com	steamlevelu.com DIRECT	Card Leveling	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-170	EloKing eloking.com	eloking.com DIRECT	Rank Boosting	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-171	Boosteria boosteria.org	boosteria.org DIRECT	Rank Boosting	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-172	Overgear overgear.com	overgear.com DIRECT	Boosting SaaS	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-173	BlazingBoost blazingboost.com	blazingboost.com DIRECT	Boosting SaaS	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-174	Dota2Boost dota2boost.com	dota2boost.com DIRECT	Rank Boosting	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence
EX-175	BuyBoost buyboost.com	buyboost.com DIRECT	Boosting SaaS	SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C	See dated evidence

第四节：技术架构与身份验证机制参考编号：TECH-ANALYSIS-01

1. OpenID 中缺乏域名所有权验证 2.0: Valve 对 OpenID 2.0 协议的实现（https://steamcommunity.com/openid/login) 评估了 openid.return_to 以及 openid.realm 无需开发者事先注册、加密挑战验证或域名所有权验证即可获取相关参数。任何商业运营商均可将用户引导至 Valve 的登录界面，并接收一份经加密签名的身份声明（其中包含 64-格式的 SteamID），该声明会被重定向至任意域名。

2. 程序化广告库存查询及API密滥用： 一旦通过 OpenID 确认用户身份验证，运营商便会向公共和合作伙伴的 Web API 端点发起查询（IEconItems_730/GetPlayerItems) 以实时对库存资产进行索引。自动化交易网络利用程序化会话令牌来提交、查询和接受点对点（P2P）交易要约，这直接违反了《SSA》第4.C条关于禁止非人类交互的规定。

3. 链路过滤不对称： 面向消费者的域名警告与功能完好的身份验证端点并存，这造成了监管上的矛盾：Valve 的安全遥测系统将这些运营商归类为“潜在恶意”对象，但 Valve 的身份验证基础设施仍在为其用户群提供身份验证服务。

证据方法与证据保管链声明

本文件基于未经身份验证的网络捕获数据、RDAP历史注册表查询结果以及经过验证的加密哈希清单生成。未对任何用户登录凭据进行泄露测试或处理。所有发现均反映截至9月2026.的生产网络可观察状态。本文件作为一份无党派的技术证据，供司法、监管及公众调查使用。

摘要： SHA-256已验证

c507c9025f93da0aadaf395c4d8882f25973211c318ee8e9b6f18a5b3755e050

存档： 公开法律记录

签发并签署人： phishdestroy.io · 法医研究联盟

法律地位： 所有权利均归属于全人类 · CC0 通用公有领域