Forensic Audit Act & Regulatory Exhibit
This document constitutes a formal forensic audit act examining the operational intersection between Valve Corporation's published commercial terms, its technical authentication endpoints, and observed third-party commercial platforms. The audit was conducted using passive, unauthenticated network observation, RDAP registration verification, and public Link Filter telemetry.
Factual Core: Empirical observation establishes a systematic divergence between Valve's public contractual representations and its production infrastructure. While the Steam Subscriber Agreement (SSA) strictly prohibits unauthorized commercial exploitation (§ 2.G), automated bot/script interaction (§ 4.C), and account transfer (§ 1.C), Valve Corporation continues to provide live, programmatic OpenID authentication and inventory query infrastructure to at least 175 commercial entities generating multi-billion dollar secondary transaction volumes.
Forensic Analysis of Split-Domain Evasion: Under Valve's Steam Link Filter system (steamcommunity.com/linkfilter/?url=...), when an end-user clicks a link leading to a flagged gambling or black-market platform, Valve displays a prominent warning ("Link Blocked! ... flagged as potentially malicious"). However, forensic route tracing reveals 26 commercial platforms operating on a split-domain architecture: while the primary commercial domain is BLOCKED on the Link Filter, the secondary domain hosting Valve's OpenID return endpoint is marked CLEAN. Valve's OpenID servers accept authentication requests from these proxy hosts without interruption, neutralizing the consumer safety warning while continuing to process logins.
| # | Primary Commercial Domain | Main Filter | OpenID Auth Proxy Domain | Auth Filter | RDAP Registered | Capture Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | rollbit.com | BLOCKED | rbsnin.com | CLEAN | 2026-09-18 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 02 | skin.club | BLOCKED | sc-auth.net | CLEAN | 2019-04-02 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 03 | howl.gg | BLOCKED | howl.uno | CLEAN | 2026-08-11 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 04 | duelbits.com | BLOCKED | switchflips.com | CLEAN | 2020-04-21 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 05 | csgofast.com | BLOCKED | steam-login.authtofast.com | CLEAN | 2026-06-30 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 06 | farmskins.com | BLOCKED | steam.kobal.cc | CLEAN | 2017-01-07 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 07 | cobaltlab.tech | BLOCKED | cobaltauth.com | CLEAN | 2025-01-07 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 08 | csgo.net | BLOCKED | cn2.easylot.net | CLEAN | 2016-09-03 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 09 | ggdrop.com | BLOCKED | ggauth.com | CLEAN | 2023-05-03 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 10 | rustchance.com | BLOCKED | hgfuihd.com | CLEAN | 2019-01-27 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 11 | skin.fans | BLOCKED | auth.skinfans.com | CLEAN | 2018-07-16 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 12 | skinport.com | BLOCKED | skinport.app | CLEAN | 2020-06-20 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 13 | skins.cash | BLOCKED | skinscash.live | CLEAN | 2019-12-05 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 14 | tf2hunt.com | BLOCKED | rstspcl.com | CLEAN | 2020-08-08 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 15 | daddyskins.com | BLOCKED | go-go-daddy.com | CLEAN | 2019-01-26 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 16 | key-drop.com | BLOCKED | kdauth.com | CLEAN | 2026-05-13 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 17 | clash.gg | BLOCKED | clggauth.com | CLEAN | 2024-09-16 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 18 | c5game.com | BLOCKED | www.imbastar.com | CLEAN | 2016-02-27 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 19 | swap.gg | BLOCKED | swapauth.com | CLEAN | 2018-10-06 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 20 | shadowpay.com | BLOCKED | thelogins.com | CLEAN | 2018-01-22 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 21 | csgocases.com | BLOCKED | log-1n.com | CLEAN | 2017-11-27 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 22 | csgogem.com | BLOCKED | api.csgem.com | CLEAN | 2014-03-08 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 23 | gamdom.com | BLOCKED | login.gambldom.com | CLEAN | 2017-09-24 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 24 | 12cs.fail | BLOCKED | fail.games | CLEAN | 2021-08-24 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 25 | skinsnipe.com | BLOCKED | pricing.tradeupspy.com | CLEAN | 2020-03-11 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
| 26 | csgobig.com | BLOCKED | letmeinbig.com | CLEAN | 2023-01-20 | PASSIVE_CAPTURE |
* Note: Passive checks performed against unauthenticated Steam Link Filter endpoints on 2026-09-19 and 2026-09-21. Raw HTTP response bodies and SHA-256 digests preserved in repository dataset (steam_tos_assets/linkfilter-2026-09-22.json).
The following register details all 175 third-party commercial platforms actively verified in the audit database. Each record indicates the entity name, primary commercial domain, observed Steam OpenID authentication route, activity classification, contractual breach mappings (SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C, SSA § 1.C), and the action field recorded in the source dataset. The label "See dated evidence" refers the reader to supporting records; it does not establish that Valve took no action. An absent action field is reported as not established.
| Exhibit | Entity Name & Main Domain | Observed Auth Route / Proxy | Classification | Contractual Breach | Valve Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EX-001 |
CSGORoll
csgoroll.com
|
www.csgoroll.com
DIRECT
|
Skin Gambling | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-002 |
CSGOEmpire
csgoempire.com
|
csgoempirelogin4.com
SPLIT PROXY
|
Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-003 |
Rollbit
rollbit.com
|
rbsnin.com
SPLIT PROXY
|
Crypto Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-004 |
500 Casino
500.casino
|
fivezerozero.co
SPLIT PROXY
|
Licenced Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-005 |
CSGOBig
csgobig.com
|
csgobig.com
DIRECT
|
Roulette/Slots | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-006 |
CaseDrop
casedrop.com
|
casedrop.com
DIRECT
|
Case Opening | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-007 |
RustReaper
rustreaper.com
|
rustreaper.com
DIRECT
|
Rust Roulette | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-008 |
BanditCamp
banditcamp.com
|
banditcamp.com
DIRECT
|
Rust Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-009 |
SkinBox
skinbox.com
|
skinbox.com
DIRECT
|
Case Opening | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-010 |
TastyDrop
tastydrop.com
|
tastydrop.com
DIRECT
|
Case Opening | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-011 |
CSGOPolygon
csgopolygon.gg
|
csgopolygon.gg
DIRECT
|
Roulette Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-012 |
MagicDrop
magicdrop.ru
|
magicdrop.ru
DIRECT
|
Case Opening | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-013 |
CSDice
csdice.com
|
csdice.com
DIRECT
|
Dice Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-014 |
Rustly
rustly.com
|
rustly.com
DIRECT
|
Rust Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-015 |
SkinOdds
skinodds.com
|
skinodds.com
DIRECT
|
Upgrader Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-016 |
CSGOWin
csgowin.com
|
csgowin.com
DIRECT
|
Skin Roulette | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-017 |
CSGORun
csgorun.net
|
csgorun.net
DIRECT
|
Crash Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-018 |
OpenSkins
openskins.com
|
openskins.com
DIRECT
|
Case Opening | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-019 |
RustBet
rustbet.com
|
rustbet.com
DIRECT
|
Rust Gambling | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-020 |
CSGOMagic
csgomagic.com
|
csgomagic.com
DIRECT
|
Skin Roulette | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-021 |
CSGOBounty
csgobounty.com
|
csgobounty.com
DIRECT
|
Upgrader/Contract | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-022 |
EZSkins
ezskins.com
|
ezskins.com
DIRECT
|
Skin Roulette | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-023 |
RustCases
rustcases.com
|
rustcases.com
DIRECT
|
Case Opening | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-024 |
CSGOReaper
csgoreaper.com
|
csgoreaper.com
DIRECT
|
Skin Roulette | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-025 |
CSGOCases
csgocases.com
|
csgocases.com
DIRECT
|
Skin Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-026 |
CSGO-Skins
csgo-skins.com
|
csgo-skins.com
DIRECT
|
Case Upgrader | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-027 |
CSGONet
csgonet.com
|
csgonet.com
DIRECT
|
Case Opening | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-028 |
WTFSkins
wtfskins.com
|
wtfskins.com
DIRECT
|
Skin Roulette | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-029 |
CSGOFast
csgofast.com
|
steam-login.authtofast.com
SPLIT PROXY
|
Roulette Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-030 |
Duelbits
duelbits.com
|
switchflips.com
SPLIT PROXY
|
Crypto Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-031 |
FlameCases
flamecases.com
|
flamecases.com
DIRECT
|
Case Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-032 |
Farmskins
farmskins.com
|
steam.kobal.cc
SPLIT PROXY
|
Case Opener | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-033 |
CSGOLuck
csgoluck.com
|
csgoluck.com
DIRECT
|
Skin Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-034 |
Gamedom
gamedom.com
|
gamedom.com
DIRECT
|
Crypto Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-035 |
Skin.Club
skin.club
|
sc-auth.net
SPLIT PROXY
|
Case Battles | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-036 |
DaddySkins
daddyskins.com
|
daddyskins.com
DIRECT
|
Case Opening | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-037 |
Insane.gg
insane.gg
|
api.insane.gg
DIRECT
|
Skin Roulette | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-038 |
Rustix
rustix.gg
|
rustix.gg
DIRECT
|
Rust Gambling | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-039 |
Skins.Club
skins.club
|
skins.club
DIRECT
|
Skin Upgrade | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-040 |
CSGOHouse
csgohouse.org
|
csgohouse.org
DIRECT
|
Skin Roulette | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-041 |
SkinRave
skinrave.net
|
skinrave.net
DIRECT
|
Skin Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-042 |
BloodyCase_GG
bloodycase.gg
|
bloodycase.gg
DIRECT
|
Case Opening | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-043 |
CSGOClicker
csgoclicker.com
|
csgoclicker.com
DIRECT
|
Clicker/Upgrade | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-044 |
RustBet_GG
rustbet.gg
|
rustbet.gg
DIRECT
|
Rust Roulette | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-045 |
CS_Drop
cs-drop.com
|
cs-drop.com
DIRECT
|
Case Opening | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-046 |
HellStore
hellstore.net
|
hellstore.net
DIRECT
|
Skin Roulette | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-047 |
RustLoot
rustloot.com
|
rustloot.com
DIRECT
|
Rust Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-048 |
CSGO_Case
csgo-case.com
|
csgo-case.com
DIRECT
|
Case Opening | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-049 |
CS2Skin
cs2skin.com
|
cs2skin.com
DIRECT
|
Skin Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-050 |
Juice_GG
juice.gg
|
letmeinjuice.com
SPLIT PROXY
|
Skin Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-051 |
GGDrop
ggdrop.com
|
ggauth.com
SPLIT PROXY
|
Case Opening | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-052 |
CSGOGem
csgogem.com
|
csgogem.com
DIRECT
|
Skin Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-053 |
Rainbet
rainbet.com
|
services.rainbet.com
DIRECT
|
Crypto Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-054 |
Howl_GG
howl.gg
|
howl.uno
SPLIT PROXY
|
Skins Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-055 |
Chicken_GG
chicken.gg
|
chicken.gg
DIRECT
|
Skin Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-056 |
CSGOCasino_GG
csgocasino.gg
|
api.csgocasino.gg
DIRECT
|
Skin Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-057 |
Hunt_GG
hunt.gg
|
api.hunt.gg
DIRECT
|
Skins Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-058 |
CSBattle
csbattle.com
|
csbattle.com
DIRECT
|
Case Battles | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-059 |
SkinRave_GG
skinrave.gg
|
api.skinrave.gg
DIRECT
|
Skin Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-060 |
CSDouble
csdouble.gg
|
csdouble.gg
DIRECT
|
Skin Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-061 |
RustChance
rustchance.com
|
hgfuihd.com
SPLIT PROXY
|
Rust Roulette | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-062 |
RustClash
rustclash.com
|
rustclash.com
DIRECT
|
Rust Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-063 |
CobaltLab
cobaltlab.tech
|
cobaltauth.com
SPLIT PROXY
|
Rust Automation | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-064 |
Raided_GG
raided.gg
|
api.raided.gg
DIRECT
|
Rust Roulette | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-065 |
RustNeo
rustneo.gg
|
rustneo.gg
DIRECT
|
Rust Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-066 |
Splits_GG
splits.gg
|
splits.gg
DIRECT
|
Skin Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-067 |
Upgrader_Pro
upgrader.pro
|
upgauth.space
SPLIT PROXY
|
Skin Upgrader | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-068 |
SkinFans
skin.fans
|
auth.skinfans.com
SPLIT PROXY
|
Skin Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-069 |
HotPizza
hotpizza.one
|
hotpizza.one
DIRECT
|
Case Opening | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-070 |
G4Skins
g4skins.com
|
auth.g4s.to
SPLIT PROXY
|
Case Opening | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-071 |
12CS_Fail
12cs.fail
|
12cs.fail
DIRECT
|
Crash Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-072 |
TF2Royal
tf2royal.com
|
tf2auth.com
SPLIT PROXY
|
TF2 Gambling | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-073 |
TF2Easy
www.tf2easy.com
|
www.tf2easy.com
DIRECT
|
TF2 Gambling | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-074 |
TF2Hunt
tf2hunt.com
|
rstspcl.com
SPLIT PROXY
|
TF2 Gambling | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-075 |
TF2Bet
tf2.bet/coinflip
|
tf2.bet
DIRECT
|
TF2 Gambling | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-076 |
TF2Blaze
tf2blaze.com
|
tf2blaze.com
DIRECT
|
TF2 Gambling | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-077 |
OpenStars_GG
openstars.gg
|
openstars.gg
DIRECT
|
Skin Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-078 |
Shuffle_Com
shuffle.com
|
shuffle.com
DIRECT
|
Crypto Casino | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-079 |
Skins.com
skins.com
|
api.skins.com
DIRECT
|
CS2 Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-080 |
White.Market
white.market
|
white.market
DIRECT
|
P2P Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-081 |
Buff.Market
buff.market
|
buff.market
DIRECT
|
CS2 Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-082 |
Avan.Market
avan.market
|
avan.market
DIRECT
|
CS2 Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-083 |
CS.MONEY
cs.money
|
auth.dota.trade
SPLIT PROXY
|
Trading Engine | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-084 |
UUSkins
uuskins.com
|
uuskins.com
DIRECT
|
P2P Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-085 |
YouPin898
youpin898.com
|
youpin898.com
DIRECT
|
Mass Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-086 |
Moon.Market
moon.market
|
moon.market
DIRECT
|
P2P Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-087 |
CSFloat
csfloat.com
|
csgofloat.com
SPLIT PROXY
|
P2P Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-088 |
Skin.Land
skin.land
|
auth.skin.land
DIRECT
|
Skins Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-089 |
C5Game
c5game.com
|
c5game.com
DIRECT
|
CS2 Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-090 |
HaloSkins
haloskins.com
|
haloskins.com
DIRECT
|
Skins Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-091 |
Buff.163
buff.163.com
|
buff.163.com
DIRECT
|
Corporate Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-092 |
Waxpeer
waxpeer.com
|
waxpeer.com
DIRECT
|
P2P Marketplace | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-093 |
CS.MONEY Bot
cs.money
|
auth.dota.trade
SPLIT PROXY
|
Bot Trading | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-094 |
Market.CSGO
market.csgo.com
|
dota2.net
SPLIT PROXY
|
P2P Marketplace | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-095 |
Skinport
skinport.com
|
skinport.app
SPLIT PROXY
|
Regulated Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-096 |
SkinFlow
skinflow.gg
|
api.skinflow.gg
DIRECT
|
Marketplace/Swap | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-097 |
DMarket
dmarket.com
|
dmarket.com
DIRECT
|
US Marketplace | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-098 |
Skin.place
skin.place
|
api.skin.place
DIRECT
|
Skins Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-099 |
SkinsMonkey
skinsmonkey.com
|
skinsmonkey.com
DIRECT
|
Instant Swap | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-100 |
SkinBaron
skinbaron.de
|
skinbaron.com
SPLIT PROXY
|
Corporate Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-101 |
Steam
steamcommunity.com/market
|
steamcommunity.com/market
DIRECT
|
Official Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-102 |
RustTM
rust.tm
|
dota2.net
SPLIT PROXY
|
Rust Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-103 |
PirateSwap
pirateswap.com
|
login.pirateswap.com
DIRECT
|
Instant Swap | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-104 |
Mannco.Store
mannco.store
|
mannco.store
DIRECT
|
TF2 Marketplace | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-105 |
SkinSwap
skinswap.com
|
api.skinswap.com
DIRECT
|
Instant Swap | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-106 |
LootFarm
lootfarm.com
|
lootfarm.com
DIRECT
|
Trading Platform | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-107 |
Rustskins
rustskins.com
|
rustskins.com
DIRECT
|
Rust Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-108 |
ExeSkins
exeskins.com
|
exeskins.com
DIRECT
|
P2P Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-109 |
BalticSkins
balticskins.com
|
balticskins.com
DIRECT
|
Skins Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-110 |
CS.Trade
cs.trade
|
cs.trade
DIRECT
|
Instant Swap | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-111 |
RapidSkins
rapidskins.com
|
api.rapidskins.com
DIRECT
|
CS2 Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-112 |
TradeIt
tradeit.gg
|
connect-tradeit.com
SPLIT PROXY
|
CS2 Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-113 |
Krakatoa
krakatoa.com
|
krakatoa.com
DIRECT
|
CS2 Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-114 |
ShadowPay
shadowpay.com
|
shadowpay.com
DIRECT
|
P2P Marketplace | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-115 |
49skins
49skins.com
|
api.49skins.com
DIRECT
|
CS2 Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-116 |
SkinVault
skinvault.gg
|
api.skinvault.gg
DIRECT
|
CS2 Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-117 |
Aim Market
aim.market
|
aim.market
DIRECT
|
Skins Trading | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-118 |
Skinout
skinout.gg
|
auth.skinout.gg
DIRECT
|
Instant Sell Portal | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-119 |
NTSkins
ntskins.com
|
ntskins.com
DIRECT
|
Skins Trading | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-120 |
IGXE
igxe.cn
|
igxe.cn
DIRECT
|
Chinese Powerhouse | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-121 |
Swap.gg
swap.gg
|
swap.gg
DIRECT
|
Automated Swap | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-122 |
Bitskins
bitskins.com
|
bitskins.com
DIRECT
|
Cash-out Portal | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-123 |
GamerPay
gamerpay.gg
|
gamerpay.gg
DIRECT
|
P2P Portal | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-124 |
TF2Mart
tf2mart.com
|
tf2mart.com
DIRECT
|
TF2 Automation | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-125 |
SkinBid
skinbid.com
|
skinbid.com
DIRECT
|
Skin Auctions | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-126 |
LootBear
lootbear.com
|
lootbear.com
DIRECT
|
Skin Rental | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-127 |
Backpack.tf
backpack.tf
|
backpack.tf
DIRECT
|
TF2 Valuation | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-128 |
Scrap.tf
scrap.tf
|
scrap.tf
DIRECT
|
TF2 Scrap Swap | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-129 |
Marketplace.tf
marketplace.tf
|
marketplace.tf
DIRECT
|
TF2 Cashout | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-130 |
STNTrading
stntrading.eu
|
stntrading.eu
DIRECT
|
TF2 Botnet | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-131 |
Skins.Cash
skins.cash
|
skinscash.live
SPLIT PROXY
|
Instant Cashout | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-132 |
SkinWallet
skinwallet.com
|
skinwallet.com
DIRECT
|
Instant Cashout | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-133 |
Dota2Market
dota2market.com
|
dota2market.com
DIRECT
|
Dota 2 Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-134 |
CSGO.NET
csgo.net
|
cn2.easylot.net
SPLIT PROXY
|
Case Opening | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-135 |
Cybershoke
cybershoke.net
|
auth.cybershoke.net
DIRECT
|
Community Hub | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-136 |
XPlay_GG
xplay.gg
|
xplay.gg
DIRECT
|
Server Network | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-137 |
FastCup
fastcup.net
|
api.fastcup.net
DIRECT
|
Matchmaker Hub | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-138 |
Esportal
esportal.com
|
esportal.com
DIRECT
|
Matchmaking Portal | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-139 |
GamersClub
gamersclub.com.br
|
gamersclub.com.br
DIRECT
|
LATAM Hub | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-140 |
Leetify
leetify.com
|
leetify.com
DIRECT
|
SaaS Analytics | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-141 |
Scope_GG
scope.gg
|
scope.gg
DIRECT
|
SaaS Analytics | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-142 |
TradeUpSpy
tradeupspy.com
|
api.tradeupspy.com
DIRECT
|
SaaS Tools | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-143 |
Epidemic_GG
epidemic.gg
|
epidemic.gg
DIRECT
|
SaaS Tools | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-144 |
CSDeals
cs.deals
|
api.cs.deals
DIRECT
|
Marketplace | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-145 |
Pricempire
pricempire.com
|
pricempire.com
DIRECT
|
SaaS Price DB | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-146 |
CS2Stash
cs2stash.com
|
cs2stash.com
DIRECT
|
SaaS Index | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-147 |
CSGOSkins
csgoskins.gg
|
csgoskins.gg
DIRECT
|
SaaS Index | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-148 |
SteamAnalyst
steamanalyst.com
|
steamanalyst.com
DIRECT
|
SaaS Index | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-149 |
SteamCardExchange
steamcardexchange.net
|
steamcardexchange.net
DIRECT
|
Trading Exchange | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-150 |
DotaBuff
dotabuff.com
|
dotabuff.com
DIRECT
|
SaaS Tracker | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-151 |
Tracker_GG
tracker.gg
|
tracker.gg
DIRECT
|
SaaS Tracker | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-152 |
FSB Market (an anonymized label; the original name is withheld here)
FSB Market
|
FSB Market
DIRECT
|
Mass Blackmarket | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-153 |
FunPay
funpay.com
|
funpay.com
DIRECT
|
Account Exchange | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 4.C, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-154 |
PlayerAuctions
playerauctions.com
|
playerauctions.com
DIRECT
|
Grey Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-155 |
Eldorado.gg
eldorado.gg
|
eldorado.gg
DIRECT
|
Account Portal | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-156 |
G2A
g2a.com
|
g2a.com
DIRECT
|
Mass Key Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-157 |
Kinguin
kinguin.net
|
kinguin.net
DIRECT
|
Mass Key Market | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-158 |
G2G.com
g2g.com
|
g2g.com
DIRECT
|
Virtual Services | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-159 |
Playerup
playerup.com
|
playerup.com
DIRECT
|
Account Broker | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-160 |
Z2U.com
z2u.com
|
www.z2u.com
DIRECT
|
Ready-Account Hub | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-161 |
SmurfHub
smurfhub.net
|
smurfhub.net
DIRECT
|
Smurf Shop | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-162 |
SmurfAccounts
smurfaccounts.com
|
smurfaccounts.com
DIRECT
|
Smurf Shop | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-163 |
BuyCSGORank
buycsgorank.com
|
buycsgorank.com
DIRECT
|
Rank Shop | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-164 |
CSGOSmurfKings
csgosmurfkings.com
|
csgosmurfkings.com
DIRECT
|
Smurf Shop | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-165 |
SmurfStore_Co
smurfstore.co
|
smurfstore.co
DIRECT
|
Smurf Shop | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-166 |
SteamLvlUp
steamlvlup.com
|
steamlvlup.com
DIRECT
|
Card Leveling | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-167 |
SteamLevels
steamlevels.com
|
steamlevels.com
DIRECT
|
Card Leveling | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-168 |
LevelSteam
levelsteam.com
|
levelsteam.com
DIRECT
|
Card Leveling | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-169 |
SteamLevelU
steamlevelu.com
|
steamlevelu.com
DIRECT
|
Card Leveling | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-170 |
EloKing
eloking.com
|
eloking.com
DIRECT
|
Rank Boosting | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-171 |
Boosteria
boosteria.org
|
boosteria.org
DIRECT
|
Rank Boosting | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-172 |
Overgear
overgear.com
|
overgear.com
DIRECT
|
Boosting SaaS | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-173 |
BlazingBoost
blazingboost.com
|
blazingboost.com
DIRECT
|
Boosting SaaS | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-174 |
Dota2Boost
dota2boost.com
|
dota2boost.com
DIRECT
|
Rank Boosting | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
| EX-175 |
BuyBoost
buyboost.com
|
buyboost.com
DIRECT
|
Boosting SaaS | SSA § 2.G, SSA § 1.C | See dated evidence |
1. Absence of Domain Ownership Validation in OpenID 2.0: Valve's implementation of the OpenID 2.0 protocol (https://steamcommunity.com/openid/login) evaluates the openid.return_to and openid.realm parameters without requiring prior developer registration, cryptographic challenge verification, or domain ownership validation. Any commercial operator can direct users to Valve's login screen and receive a cryptographically signed identity assertion (containing the 64-bit SteamID) redirected to arbitrary domains.
2. Programmatic Inventory Querying & API Key Abuse: Once user authentication is confirmed via OpenID, operators query public and partner Web API endpoints (IEconItems_730/GetPlayerItems) to index inventory assets in real-time. Automated trading networks employ programmatic session tokens to submit, poll, and accept peer-to-peer (P2P) trade offers, directly contravening SSA § 4.C's prohibition on non-human interaction.
3. Link Filter Asymmetry: The coexistence of consumer-facing domain warnings alongside fully functional authentication endpoints creates a regulatory contradiction: Valve's security telemetry classifies these operators as "potentially malicious", yet Valve's authentication infrastructure continues to authenticate their user base.
This document was generated from unauthenticated network captures, historical RDAP registry queries, and verified cryptographic hash manifests. No user login credentials were compromise-tested or processed. All findings reflect observable production network state as of September 2026. This act serves as a non-partisan technical exhibit prepared for judicial, regulatory, and public inquiries.